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What is LASER?
Laser - A laser is a light emitting device which emits light in very narrow beam it emits light with the process of optical amplification . The letter laser stands for Light Amplification by simulated emission of radiation
Theodore maiman is the one who invented the first laser in Hughes laboratory in year 1960 Laser contrast from other origin of light in that it emits light that is coherent
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What is the Full Form of Laser?
LASER is Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Characteristics of laser -
- The angular spread in laser beam is less
- Its intensity is high
- The radiation are monochromatic
Advantages of laser -
- Laser are capable of high power
- Laser are adaptable to various source
- It is used for bloodless surgery
Disadvantages of laser -
- Laser are known to be dangerous and harmful to the atmosphere and health
- When big laser machines running small amounts of ozone gas are generated which can damage ozone layer
- Some laser uses cause respiratory disease
Types of Laser
- Solid-state laser
- Gas laser
- liquid laser
- Semiconductor laser
- Chemical laser
- Metal-vapour laser
(1) Solid-state laser
The Solid-state laser is a laser where the solid medium is used . These solid material should be made up of glass or crystalline material
Advantages of Solid-state laser -
- Solid-state laser cast is economical
- Its construction is Simple
- The capability of these laser is high
Disadvantages of Solid-state laser -
- Solid-state laser output is not high
- The sepration of these laser is not constant
- Due to heating laser facing power loss problem
Applications of Solid-state laser -
- It is usually used when drilling holes in metal
- Used to do intraocular eye surgery
- Used in military applications
(2) Gas laser
A gas laser is a laser in which an electric current is discharge through a gas to produce coherent light . It is also known as first continuous-light laser . The first Gas laser was invented by Ali Javan an Iranian-American engineer & named the laser Helium neon laser (HeNe)
Advantages of Gas laser -
- Active material is highly volumed
- Active material is Cheaper
- Heat can be removed quickly from cavity resonator
Disadvantages of Gas laser -
- Output power of this laser is slow
- Gas laser is slow gain device
- High voltage is require for its operation
Applications of Gas laser -
- In making holograms He-Ne laser is mainly used
- It is used as a source for writing on the photosensitive material with the help of He-Ne laser printer
- Gas laser were used in reading Bar code
(3) Liquid laser
This type of laser is also known as dye laser . Liquid laser is a type of laser where liquid is used as Active medium. This active material is also known as dye . Sodium fluorescein ,RhodamineB, Rhodamine 6G is some type of dye commonly used
Advantages of Liquid laser -
- By using the dye laser Range of wavelengths Can be produce
- The diameter of this type of laser is less
- Having 25% of greater efficiency
Disadvantages of Liquid laser -
- It is very expensive
- Dye quality degrade with time
- poisonous chemicals used
Applications of Liquid laser -
- They are used to treat scars and kidney stones
- Used in astronomy
- Used to make skin tone more even
(4) Semiconductor laser
Gallium arsenide is used an active material therefore , the laser is also known as Gallium Arsenide laser . Semiconductor laser utilizes a semiconductor as the gain medium. Robert N.Hall invented semiconductor laser in 1962
Advantages of semiconductor laser -
- semiconductor laser is cost effective
- It requires less power than conventional laser
- It is more efficient
Disadvantages of semiconductor laser -
- The temperature affects the output of lose
- The working medium is too short
- The output beam has an unusual shape
Applications of semiconductor laser -
- Used to read data in C.D , D.V.D and laser disc
- Used in fiber optics communication
- Used in measurement process
(5) Chemical laser
It is known as chemical laser because it obtained its energy from chemical reaction . Chemical laser are used in industry for drilling , cutting and in military as directed energy weapons . The first chemical laser was demonstrate in 1965 by Kasper and Pimental
Advantages of Chemical laser -
- Very high high output power
- Convenently stored a source of energy
- It is more developed
Disadvantages of Chemical laser -
- Fluorine used in chemical laser is very reactive gas
- Hydrogen gas can explode easily
- The price of Deuterium isotopes is higher
Applications of chemical laser -
- Used by industry for drilling and cutting
- It obtained its energy from chemical reactions
- They are also capable of achieving high power in continuous oleration
(6) Metal vapour laser
This type of laser is widely used in broad range of fields processing of precision materials , sepration of isotopes and in medicine. The first successful demonstration of a metal vapour laser is in 1962
Advantages of Metal vapour laser -
- This type of laser make low noise
- It is Flexible and easy to operate
- Beam delivery by optical fibre over a long distance
Disadvantages of metal vapour laser -
- Phase problem to cut highly reflective material
- Producing dangerous smoke in cutting certain material
- Metal vapour laser machines are very expensive
Applications of Metal vapour laser -
- Used for pumping of pulsed dye laser
- It can be realize relatively easily
- One more applications of metal vapour laser is used in photodynamic therapy
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